Technology and innovation are at the heart of
transforming India. A notable feature of this landscape is that the focus is
not restricted to any single sector or group.
India has certain inherent strengths that support
a vibrant startup culture. First, robust economic growth and a demographic
dividend have created a large domestic consumer base with rising purchasing
power. Second, a large number of STEM (science, technology, engineering,
mathematics) graduates are eager to take part in India’s technology revolution.
Third, many entrepreneurs are keen to address the
opportunities and challenges that India offers. GoI, too, has focused on easing
the business environment for startups, removing regulatory barriers for MSMEs,
and building infrastructural platforms to facilitate technology solutions. In
this environment, more than $40 billion has poured into the Indian startup
ecosystem since 2014. The high level of investment emphasises global and
domestic investors’ confidence.
Take the financial services sector. The
development of Unified Payments Interface (UPI) — a real-time payment system
that works across banks — has been a game-changer. Together with initiatives
like RuPay to support electronic payments, it has democratised access to
finance for a large section of India’s population.
UPI, launched initially with 21 banks onboard,
today has 114 banks on the platform. It has crossed 400 million transactions in
volume as of September 2018. In addition to enabling domestic startups to build
payments solutions for India, it has incentivised large global technology
companies such as Google, Amazon and Samsung to jump head first into the Indian
payments markets.
Other components of the financial services
ecosystem have also bloomed. For example, technology-powered credit solutions
have emerged as one of the most well-funded and rapidly growing segments in
fintech, helping MSMEs realise their business potential.
Healthcare faces the challenges of access,
affordability and lack of quality practitioners and hospitals. Technology can
help address these issues to a critical extent. SigTuple is addressing the
issue of access through intelligent screening solutions aiding in quick diagnosis.
It has developed a low-cost system for performing basic screening and advanced
diagnosis of blood samples, x-rays and retinal scans. SigTuple’s AI algorithms
can analyse patient samples, send them to a pathologist for review and return
final results to the point-of-care within five minutes.
Tricog, another startup, uses AI for real-time
cardiac diagnosis. Through its cloud-based electrocardiogram (ECG) machines
installed at health centres, Tricog helps doctors detect heart complications
faster than conventional methods.
Within education, firms are using technology to
address the lack of quality teachers, access to infrastructure as well as
diverse pedagogical needs. For example, Embibe, which uses advanced AI for
personalised learning platform, is disrupting the education sector by improving
learning outcomes at the individual student level.
Embibe’s ‘relative quartile jump’ methodology
works on students’ behaviour traits and sets goals for improving behaviour.
Using a smart test generation system combined with intelligent content
ingestion, the platform generates learning paths and curves to improve
students’ learning and scoring capability.
Home-grown innovation has the potential to help
India be a global leader. For example, a team from IIT-Madras has developed an
indigenous microprocessor, Shakti, based on Risc-V architecture. The
microprocessor has the potential to alter the face of computing. Developed at
the Reconfigurable Intelligent Systems Engineering (RISE) laboratory at
IIT-Madras, Risc-V can process commands faster and in fewer cycles than
existing microprocessors. It can be a key catalyst in the Fourth Industrial
Revolution by providing infrastructural support for AI, robotics, 3D printing,
and augmented and virtual reality.
India’s agriculture sector is in imperative need
of technology-enabled solutions. SatSure uses a combination of satellite and
weather data and information captured through IoT devices and drones to provide
answers on crop volume, crop health, yield and suggested harvesting dates. It
recently developed an emergency flood portal for the Kerala floods and built
models for crop damage due to Cyclone Titli in Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, for
mid-season calamity crop insurance payments.
Another agri-tech company, Vasar Labs uses AI and
IoT to develop water management and agriculture advisory services. It uses
satellite-based, weather advisory and soil moisture data, and other IoT
sensors, to predict the amount of water needed for normal yields, date of
sowing advisory, pest and diseases forecast, and cop acreage estimates.
Haptik has built one of the world’s largest
conversational AI platforms. It’s a 24×7 chat-based personal assistant. For
instance, one can book a cab or flight tickets, recharge phones, pay utility
bills or web check-in for a flight through the app. It now reaches over 100
million devices each month. The company has processed over a billion
interactions till date and helps firms leverage the power of AI to automate
critical business processes and improve overall customer experience.